Every time a train wheel meets a rail, a jet engine turbine spins, or a prosthetic hip joint bends, two surfaces rub together and energy is wasted. Tribology is the science of friction, wear, and lubrication—the hidden force that governs how long machines last and how much fuel they burn. Without it, moving parts fail prematurely, devices overheat, and industries burn through energy and maintenance costs. This Centre for Doctoral Training in Integrated Tribology will train PhD students to tackle friction problems across disciplines—physics, chemistry, materials science, and mechanical engineering—and across industries, from wind turbines to medical implants. The students will work on projects that span the full product lifecycle: design, manufacture, maintenance, and disposal. By integrating research across length scales, from atomic forces at a surface to the macro-scale performance of a gearbox, the Centre aims to produce graduates who can solve real-world wear and lubrication problems. The result could be longer-lasting machinery, more efficient transport, and lower energy consumption across the economy—quietly improving systems most people never think about.
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The machines, products and devices all around us are full of moving parts; from the tiny read/write head in a hard drive, the prosthetic hip joint, the high speed train rail/wheel interface, the most powerful jet engine, to the giant gearboxes in wind turbines. It is the interacting surfaces in these moving parts where friction occurs and energy is lost. Lubrication is required to control friction and minimise the wear that causes premature failure. Selection of suitable rubbing materials and surface treatments helps to make parts last longer. Tribology is the science that encompasses the study of friction, wear, lubrication and surface engineering. It is a true underpinning technology behind developments in all industry sectors. This proposal is for a Centre for Doctoral Training in Integrated Tribology (iT-CDT) to act as a training school and centre for research excellence in tribology. We have established a number of industrial partners who are prepared to make significant cash commitment to the Centre. They will benefit from a supply of highly trained PhD graduates, research focussed on their industry needs, as well as access to a pool of research on generic pre-competitive themes. The two universities are fully supportive of the bid and are providing studentships, staff time, and facilities. The total gearing proposed is £3.75M (45%) from EPSRC, £2.2M from industry (26%), and £2.4M (29%) from the universities. Integrated Tribology Integrated across disciplines - the nature of tribology is such that a multi-disciplinary approach is essential: physics of surfaces, chemistry of lubricants, material and surface treatment technologies, and engineering design. The iT-CDT plans to recruit PhD students and undertake PhD projects that span the disciplines of physics, chemistry, materials science and mechanical engineering. Integrated across industrial sectors - tribology is an underpinning technology in all industry sectors. Many industries face the same generic problems (e.g. operating with thinning films, minimising and/or control of friction, fuel efficiency, reducing maintenance, extreme environments). The iT-CDT plans to integrate across sectors, sharing research expertise and common themes. Integrated over the product life cycle - tribology is involved at all stages of a product lifecycle - from design, manufacture, maintenance, repair, through to disposal. The iT-CDT plans to have projects that span these stages of the lifecycle and to train students in the appreciation of the lifecycle and its sustainability. Integrated across length scales - when surfaces rub together, atomic forces at the interface are responsible for friction and adhesion. The molecular structure of the lubricant and its chemical formulation provide protection. Interaction at this nano-scale governs performance at the macro-scale. The iT-CDT plans to integrate across length scales, combining analysis and methods from nano- to macro- in each project. Integrated across technology readiness level - The iT-CDT plans to give students experience of the different types of research. The Centre's structure of mini-projects, research, and a final impact project will give scope for fundamental pre-competitive research, consultancy type problem solving, and application of research in an industrial environment, respectively.
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