The GW4 Alliance is building a new supercomputer, Isambard 3, that will use Arm-based processors—the same chip architecture found in most smartphones—to run large-scale scientific calculations with far less energy than conventional systems. Most supercomputers today rely on x86 processors from Intel or AMD, which consume enormous amounts of electricity and generate heat that requires heavy cooling. Isambard 3 will use NVIDIA's new Arm-based 'Grace' processors, which are designed specifically for high-performance computing. The system will also employ direct liquid cooling, allowing waste heat to be captured and reused rather than vented into the atmosphere. This combination of Arm architecture and liquid cooling aims to deliver one of the most energy-efficient, low-carbon general-purpose supercomputing services available. If successful, Isambard 3 will expand access to advanced computing for UK researchers in weather and climate science, life sciences, and other fields. The service will also include a Multi Architecture Comparison System, enabling researchers to rigorously compare the performance of Arm processors against the latest chips from Intel, AMD, and NVIDIA. This could help guide future procurement decisions across UK research infrastructure, reducing both cost and carbon footprint for large-scale computation.
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This proposal is to fund the Isambard 3 Tier-2 national HPC service from the GW4 Alliance universities of Bristol, Bath, Cardiff and Exeter. Isambard 3 will follow on from the successful Isambard 1 & 2 projects, delivering a supercomputer service based on the increasingly important Arm architecture. Isambard 3 will employ NVIDIA's new 'Grace' Arm-based processors, due out in early 2023, to build a fast yet highly energy efficient service. Isambard 3 will be moving into its own dedicated facility, hosted by the University of Bristol. This new facility, homed within a new modular data centre, will for the first time employ direct liquid cooling to the processors, reducing the total amount of energy used for cooling the system, and creating the opportunity to extract and use the waste heat. We expect to procure a system of at least 6 racks, 55,000 cores, which should be large enough to rank in the Top500 list of supercomputers at SC in Nov 2023. Isambard 3 will also continue to provide a Multi Architecture Comparison System, or MACS, which will includes 2-4 nodes of every important new CPU and GPU architecture to be released during the 4 year lifetime of the Isambard 3 service. This will enable scientifically rigorous architectural comparisons between Arm and the latest CPUs and GPUs from Intel, AMD, NVIDIA, and other emerging providers. The Isambard 3 service will feature an expanded support team compared to previous services, including 6 RSEs and 2 systems administrators on the technical support side, as well as 0.5 FTE of project manager, and a business development manager on the user community engagement and development side. In summary, the successful Isambard Arm-based Tier-2 service will be expanding to support a much wider user community across all of UKRI, with the first Arm-based server CPUs optimised specifically for HPC from a top-tier silicon vendor. It will be one of the first such systems anywhere in the world, and deliver one of the most energy efficient, low carbon, general purpose CPU services available. The Grace processors should be amongst the fastest available for Isambard's user community, which we expect to expand into weather and climate applications, as well as life sciences and beyond.
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