Fermentation plants could soon run like car assembly lines instead of building products one batch at a time. This project tackles a looming bottleneck: as the world shifts from oil to renewable sources for fuels and chemicals, the fermentation industry must expand massively, but building enough batch-processing plants would be prohibitively expensive. The solution is continuous bio-production, where microbes produce chemicals non-stop in a flow system, much like a production line. This requires redesigning the microbes themselves to balance growth with chemical output, and developing process controls that "reward" high-performing microbes with nutrients. If successful, the work could slash the capital cost of new manufacturing plants and make bio-based chemicals profitable for UK companies. The team will also assess whether these continuous processes are genuinely cleaner and greener than the chemical processes they replace. The immediate impact is industrial: cheaper, more efficient factories for producing commodity chemicals from renewable feedstocks, rather than from oil.
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The current slump in oil prices should not lead us to ignore the fact that, in the future, an ever-increasing proportion of the fuels and chemicals, required for everything from jumbo jets to toy elephants, will need to come from renewable resources. This means a huge expansion of the fermentation industry, and the cost of the required manufacturing plant will rapidly become unaffordable. The solution is to move from performing fermentations batchwise (like manufacturing cars one at a time) to continuous processes (like an automobile production line). This major change presents a number of challenges in engineering production microbes, and in designing and controlling the industrial processes in which they operate. This project aims to produce a pipeline that will meet all of these challenges in an integrative manner. It will result in stable and robust production microbes in which there is an optimal balance between the growth of the process microorganism and formation of the industrial product that it generates. The new microbes will be exploited in new continuous processes, and process controls will be developed in which the microbe is 'rewarded' with nutrients for generating high levels of the industrial product. Such a 'control by incentives' strategy will, in itself, contribute to the stability of the production organism. The environmental impacts of the new processes will be assessed to ensure that they are cleaner and greener than the chemical processes that they are replacing. Lastly, the costs of building new factories to manufacture the chemicals will be assessed, together with the costs of operating them, to ensure that the new continuous bio-manufacturing processes will be profitable for UK companies.
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