Recipient organisationUniversity of ReadingSource-published name: University of Reading
Funding£192K
PeriodFeb 2025 — Jan 2027
In plain English
AI plain-English summary
Ancient historians have written about imperial conquest for centuries, but they have almost entirely ignored the local guides who led Greek and Roman armies through unfamiliar terrain. This project builds a database of those guides—named and unnamed—from Herodotus in the 5th century BCE to Cassius Dio in the 2nd century CE, and reads the ancient sources against the grain to recover their perspectives. The problem is that a colonial European scholarly tradition has treated ancient imperialism through the eyes of the coloniser only. By centring the colonised, this research fills a gap in how we understand the mechanics of empire: guides influenced intercultural relationships, shaped military strategy, and contributed to geographical and cultural knowledge. If successful, the project will produce two open-access datasets—one ancient, one comparative with modern imperial settings such as Columbus in the Americas and British colonialism in the Pacific—that historians of later periods can build upon. This is fundamental historical research. It will not change a manufacturing process or a supply chain. But it could reshape how scholars and the public understand the human relationships that made imperial expansion possible, and offer a decolonial framework for studying ancient power.
View original technical description
This project sets a new decolonial agenda for studying ancient imperialism and historiography, focusing on the overlooked contributions of indigenous local guides in the Greek and Roman narrative sources (historiography) of imperial expansion. Guides could make or break an expedition: they influenced intercultural relationships, shaped imperial designs, and contributed to Greco- Roman geographical and cultural knowledge. While a colonially-influenced European scholarly tradition has conventionally viewed imperialism through the lens of the Greco-Roman coloniser, IndigenousGuides centres the colonised. It will provide the first detailed database and analysis of indigenous guides in Greek and Roman historical writing, ranging from Herodotus (5th century BCE) to Cassius Dio (2nd century CE). While Ancient Historians have neglected guides, in recent years historians of (Early) Modern imperialism have demonstrated the contributions of indigenous intermediaries, whilst developing strategies of reading 'against the grain' of colonialist source material. IndigenousGuides will exploit these advances for the benefit of Ancient History by employing a 'soft' comparative historical approach: using modern material not to "fill gaps" in the ancient evidence, but to generate new questions, with conclusions grounded in the ancient sources. Comparison with the evidence and debates of modern imperial settings (Columbus and Cortés in the Americas, British colonialism in the Pacific and South Asia) will illuminate neglected strands of ancient imperialist-guide relationships. In addition to academic and public-facing publications, final outputs will include two open-access datasets of indigenous guides (one ancient, one comparative). These will lay the groundwork for future research by historians of the ancient Mediterranean, as well as providing an ancient foundation for historians of later periods to build upon.
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