Active Public Health & Healthcare Pregnancy, Children & Inherited Conditions

A Global Low- and Middle-Income Country Primary Care (PC) Antimicrobial Stewardship Trial using the WHO AWaRe system – the AWaRe 1 Trial.

In plain English

AI plain-English summary

More than 90% of all human antibiotic use happens in GP clinics and health centres, not hospitals, and in low- and middle-income countries that use is shifting dangerously toward broad-spectrum "Watch" antibiotics. This matters because inappropriate antibiotic use drives antimicrobial resistance—a global health threat that makes common infections harder to treat. Current efforts to improve prescribing in primary care are hampered by poor data on what is actually being prescribed and a lack of proven interventions tailored to resource-limited settings. The research will develop and test a practical solution. It will pilot new methods to measure antibiotic use patterns, then build an educational and organisational intervention based on the WHO’s AWaRe system—a simple traffic-light classification that tells prescribers which antibiotics to use (Access), which to watch carefully (Watch), and which to reserve (Reserve). The intervention will be evaluated in a large cluster randomised trial across Asia and Africa. If successful, the project will provide a blueprint for national surveillance and future trials in primary care across the global south. It could shift prescribing habits at scale, slowing the rise of resistance without requiring expensive new infrastructure.

View original technical description
The global rise in inappropriate antibiotic use is a threat to population health. Over 90% of human use is in primary care (PC), with rapidly increasing use of broad-spectrum oral Watch antibiotics seen in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A core component of antibiotic stewardship is improvement in clinical treatment decision-making by frontline health workers. The overall aim of this proposal is to develop and test a framework for future surveillance, benchmarking and population-based interventional trials of optimal antibiotic use in LMIC PC settings. We will pilot new methods of estimating patterns of antibiotic use (WS1), develop a new AMS intervention (WS2) and evaluate it in a paradigmatic clinical trial (WS3). Novel methods of measuring antibiotic use will be designed to facilitate national surveillance, benchmarking and improved outcome capture in LMIC PC clinical trials. The educational and organisational intervention will be based on the 2022 WHO Essential Medicines List (EML) AWaRe (Access–Watch–Reserve) Book. The pragmatic global cluster randomised trial will be performed in countries across Asia and Africa to determine the effectiveness and safety of an AWaRe system-based intervention on appropriately reducing total and oral Watch antibiotic prescribing and will be designed as a blueprint for future population-based PC trials.

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Researchers

Annelie Monnier (EPMC Awardee)Daniela Paolotti (EPMC Awardee)H Rogier van Doorn (EPMC Awardee)Heiman Wertheim (EPMC Awardee)Jamie Murdoch (EPMC Awardee)Joseph Acolatse (EPMC Awardee)Julia Bielicki (EPMC Awardee)Koen Pouwels (EPMC Awardee)Lara Fairall (EPMC Awardee)Max Oscar Bachmann (EPMC Awardee)Mike Sharland (EPMC Awardee)Nga Do (EPMC Awardee)Olumuyiwa Odusanya (EPMC Awardee)Raph Hamers (EPMC Awardee)Ruth Cornick (EPMC Awardee)Siswanto Agus Wilopo (EPMC Awardee)Wasif Khan (EPMC Awardee)

Related Research

Grants with similar aims, by meaning.

Antimicrobial Resistance, Prescribing, and Consumption Data to Inform Country Antibiotic Guidance and Local Action – the ADILA project.
Optimising community antibiotic use and infection control with behavioural interventions in rural Burkina Faso and DR Congo
Risk stratified care to reduce antibiotic use and AMR transmission in African hospitals
NIHR Global Health Research Group Opt-AMR: Optimising Antibiotic Usage to Mitigate AMR
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Original classification

Discretionary Award

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