From Ordinary People to Citizens: Shaping Urban Community during War and Revolution in Russia, 1914-1922

Civil society is often seen as a key driver of democratization, helping to open up authoritarian regimes and pave the way for political transitions. Despite these perceptions, research indicates that practices of political engagement in authoritarian regimes is often overlooked or misunderstood. In Russia, grassroots political activism has a long history, even if it remains fragmented and localized. Citizens often organize at the community level to address immediate social and economic concerns, particularly in times of crisis. This form of participation, though not always recognized as political, demonstrates the persistence of civic engagement even under repressive conditions.During periods of profound upheaval, such as World War I and the Russian Revolution, ordinary people began to establish informal networks and self-governing bodies, like housing committees and cooperatives, to meet their needs and protect their interests. These grassroots efforts contributed to the development of democratic practices, even in the absence of formal democratic institutions.This project seeks to explore the spread of self-governance and civic engagement in Russian cities between 1914 and 1922. It focuses on how different social groups, often with no prior experience in political participation, became involved in addressing the challenges posed by war and revolution. By examining local forms of self-organization and communication, the study will shed light on the role of ordinary people in shaping their communities and influencing political processes. Understanding these dynamics will provide new insights into the history of Russian society and the broader role of grassroots activism in political change.