WhiteBrain: Decoding virus-induced brain signals in whiteflies using single-nucleus transcriptomics and functional genomics to understand behavioural manipulation leading to virus transmission

Plant viruses transmitted by insect vectors are a major threat to food security, with tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) among the most damaging, causing up to 80% yield losses in tomato. Transmitted exclusively by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, TYLCV manipulates both host plants and vectors to enhance its spread. Infected whiteflies display altered behaviours, including impaired host preference and prolonged feeding, but the molecular and neural mechanisms underlying these changes remain unknown. Current bulk transcriptomic approaches lack the resolution to identify the specific brain cell types and pathways driving virus-induced behavioural reprogramming.This project pioneers the use of single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) in whitefly brains to resolve virus–vector interactions at great resolution. It will (1) map cell-specific transcriptional responses to TYLCV; (2) validate candidate genes and pathways using RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9; and (3) cross-validate conserved mechanisms across B. tabaci biotypes. Behavioural assays will link molecular changes directly to vector behaviour, establishing causal pathways by which TYLCV manipulates its insect vector.Expected outcomes include the first whitefly brain cell atlas, identification of virus-responsive neural regulators, and potential RNAi/CRISPR-based vector control strategies. These advances will also provide a scientific basis for sustainable, targeted pest management. Societal and gender dimensions are integral, as women farmers in tropical regions, who provide most agricultural labour, are disproportionately affected by whitefly-transmitted viruses.Hosted at the University of Greenwich, with long-standing expertise on whitefly and virus research, the fellowship integrates several disciplines. Results will directly support EU’s Green Deal and Farm-to-Fork strategies by reducing pesticide reliance, safeguarding tomato production, and contributing to economic prosperity and safe food production.