The Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Repetitive Negative Thoughts

Repetitive negative thoughts (RNTs) are a risk factor for the development and maintenance of anxiety and depression and are the target of treatments for these disorders. The neurocognitive mechanisms that produce RNTs are not well understood. While a number of processes have been associated with them it is not clear: 1\. Whether the identified neural systems are necessary to perform the cognitive computations associated with RNT 2\. Whether changes in the neurocognitive computations are sufficient to produce meaningful changes in RNT This application will address these questions for three candidate neurocognitive processes; the ability to adapt learning to volatility, the tendency to develop habits, the expression of automatic avoidance tendencies. A series of experimental studies will be conducted in non-clinical human participants, including those selected to have higher levels of RNT. Neurocognitive processes will be modulated using transcranial ultrasound stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, pupil-based biofeedback and a cognitive training intervention. Behavioural, neuroimaging, cognitive and symptomatic outcomes will be analysed using reinforcement learning models. The translational role of these processes will be tested in a larger study. Educational and best practice resources will be co-produced with PPIEP members. This application will provide evidence of the causal neurocognitive mechanisms of RNTs.