Associated organisationsInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh · Patan Academy of Health Sciences · Aga Khan University (Pakistan) · University of Maryland · University of Oxford · Yale UniversityEurope PMC affiliations are not treated as award recipients or mapped locations.
Funding£5.1M
PeriodOct 2024 — Oct 2027
In plain English
AI plain-English summary
A third of all enteric fever cases worldwide—roughly 3 million each year—are caused by *Salmonella* Paratyphi A, a bacterium that the newly rolled-out typhoid vaccine does not cover. This matters because enteric fever devastates children in regions with poor water and sanitation, and it kills. While over 60 million doses of a new typhoid vaccine have been deployed in the past two years, based on clinical trials involving around 100,000 children and controlled human infection models (CHIMs) in Oxford, no equivalent vaccine exists for paratyphoid. The research aims to close that gap by establishing correlates of protection—biological markers that reliably predict whether a vaccine works—using CHIMs in both Oxford and Pakistan, alongside studies in endemic populations. If successful, the data will support global licensure and policy decisions for new paratyphoid vaccines. That could prevent millions of cases annually, reducing childhood illness and death in the world’s most vulnerable communities. The project is applied and policy-facing: its explicit goal is to accelerate vaccine development and deployment, not to explore fundamental mechanisms.
View original technical description
There is a huge global burden of enteric fever which disrupts the lives of children in settings with inadequate quality water and poor sanitation and it kills. Through our series of epidemiological studies, clinical trials (~100,000 children) and pivotal research using the typhoid controlled human infection model (CHIM) in Oxford, over 60million doses of a new typhoid vaccine has been rolled out in the past 2 years. But Salmonella Paratyphi A, which is not covered by this vaccine, remains the cause of one third of the global burden of enteric fever each year, amounting to about 3 million cases. Here we propose to accelerate the development of novel paratyphoid vaccines using a suite of studies to establish correlates of protection and enable bridging of data from an established paratyphoid CHIM in Oxford to natural infection and vaccination in endemic populations, and a CHIM in Pakistan. The applicants are leading enteric fever researchers from endemic regions, UK/USA with expertise in the clinical, epidemiological, immunological (including systems serology), molecular, statistical, modelling methods required to establish correlates of protection. Data generated through this programme are expected to be pivotal in supporting policy decisions on global licensure and policy on new vaccines against paratyphoid.
Identifying correlates of protection to support vaccine development
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